Getting a Mortgage When Self-Employed

Getting a mortgage when self-employed can sometimes feel more complicated, but it shouldn’t be a permanent barrier to securing your dream of moving home.

In our guide to self-employed mortgages we’ll outline for you all the steps you need to take to boost your chances of getting a mortgage when self-employed, what mortgage lenders will look for and where you can find help.

Why is getting a mortgage more difficult when you’re self-employed?

If you’re self-employed, your annual income can fluctuate from one year to the next, making it more difficult to prove to a lender that you can afford your mortgage repayments. So, when you apply for a mortgage, a lender will have different eligibility requirements they’ll want you to meet. 

While getting a mortgage can be more challenging for someone self-employed, it’s certainly not impossible. With plenty of mortgage lenders available, many people who’ve chosen to work for themselves have successfully applied for a mortgage they need for a house they want to buy. 

Your chances of success will be far greater if you know in advance: 

• When you’ll be classed as self-employed by a mortgage lender

• What proof of income you’ll need to provide, and over how long

• How much you can borrow for a mortgage if you’re self-employed

• Which mortgage lenders tend to look more favourably on self-employed applicants

When does a mortgage lender classify you as self-employed?

This may vary from lender to lender, but generally, a mortgage lender will consider you self-employed if you own more than 20% to 25% of a business, contributing to most of your annual income. This would include:

• Sole Traders or Partnerships. Either solely or jointly responsible for a business that doesn’t have a separate legal status from its owner. 

• Limited Company Directors. Responsible for the day-to-day running of a limited company alongside other directors, shareholders or partners. 

• Contractors. Offering a particular type of skill or service required for a set or contracted period of time. Contractors are usually classed as sole traders but can also be registered as limited companies. 

• Freelancers. As the name suggests, freelancers are ‘free’ to offer their services to any number of clients for however long they’re required and would typically be considered sole traders by mortgage lenders. 

Are agency workers classed as self-employed?

No, they’re not. Agency workers are initially classed as ‘workers’, but after 12 weeks of continuous service in the same role, they would qualify for all the same employment rights as permanent employees of the firm they’re working for, albeit on a temporary basis. 

Regardless of employment status, it’s also common for agency workers to find difficulty qualifying for a mortgage, similar to self-employed applicants, due to the instability of their earnings. 

If you’re an agency worker looking to buy a house, it’s a good idea to speak with a mortgage broker before applying directly with a lender. 

How long do you need to be self-employed to qualify for a mortgage?

Most mortgage lenders would prefer you to have been self-employed for at least two to three years and have certified accounts (ideally prepared by a chartered accountant) showing enough income during this period to prove you can afford the mortgage repayments.  

It is still possible to get a mortgage if you have less than two years accounts, and some specialist mortgage lenders will consider applicants with just a 1-year trading record. If you have a solid previous employment history from before you became self-employed, this could also help your case. 

The main benefit of applying with a specialist mortgage lender, particularly if you’re only recently self-employed, is that they will look deeper at your application overall and on a case-by-case basis. A specialist mortgage lender could also take into account: 

• Your previous employment record before you became self-employed

• Future income projections for a relatively new business (less than two years old)

• Allowances for losses in the latest years’ accounts

• Income from salary and dividends or retained profits for Company Directors

• Tax deductible allowances, such as pension contributions, as part of your overall earnings figure

Our mortgage team already has strong working relationships with specialist mortgage lenders who tend to look more favourably at self-employed applicants. 

If you make an enquiry, one of our Mortgage Experts will contact you to see how we can help you secure the mortgage you need. 

How much can you borrow for a mortgage if you’re self-employed?

Most, if not all, mortgage lenders will base the amount you can borrow for a mortgage on a multiple of your annual income, typically between 4 and 4.5 times this figure. If you’re self-employed, the income you can declare for the purpose of this calculation depends on your trading status. 

The amount of declarable income you can include may vary from lender to lender, but in most cases, mortgage lenders will assess how much you can borrow using the following earnings for each trading style: 

• Sole Traders. An average of your net profits over the last two to three years*. 

• Partnerships. Your share of the net profits, as an average, over the last two to three years*. 

• Limited Company Directors. Either annual salary plus dividends or your share of retained net profits.

So, for example, if you’re a sole trader with average net profits over the last three years of £40,000 and your mortgage lender uses an income multiple of 4.5 times annual income, you could potentially borrow up to £180,000 (£40,000 x 4.5 = £180,000). 

In addition, all mortgage lenders will conduct a thorough affordability assessment, which includes a full review of your debt commitments and regular monthly outgoings to determine how much disposable income you have available before deciding how much you can borrow. 

*This figure will be taken from either your certified accounts or your SA302 tax calculation and tax year overview, available online from HMRC

How much deposit do you need for a mortgage if you’re self-employed?

Your employment status doesn’t directly affect the size of the deposit you’ll need for a mortgage. If your business has a successful track record, with proof of income to confirm this, and you have a good credit score, mortgage lenders offering deposit deals as low as 5%- 10% should be available. 

That said, it’s a good idea to save as much as you can for a deposit, as this will give you access to more competitive interest rate deals usually associated with lower loan-to-value (LTV) mortgages. 

Will you pay higher mortgage rates if you’re self-employed?

No, you shouldn’t be charged a higher interest rate simply because you’re self-employed. You could still qualify for the most competitive interest rates and deposit terms if you work for yourself.

The interest rate you can get will depend on the overall strength of your application, credit record and the size of your deposit, not your employment status. 

How to improve your chances of getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed

There are several steps you can take that will boost your chances of getting a mortgage if you’re self-employed. These include: 

Preparing all your documentation in advance

It’s well worth preparing all the paperwork and evidence of earnings before you start the mortgage process so you’re ready to go when you find the house you want to buy. 

As a self-employed applicant, you’ll need the following: 

• Certified accounts or SA302 tax calculation and tax year overview for the last two to three years (your accountant should be able to help provide these documents)

• If you’ve been trading for two years or less, any evidence you can provide of upcoming contracts or future income projections

• Evidence of salary and any dividend payments received or retained profits (if you’re a company director)

• Details of previous employment history, including evidence of earnings, if you’ve only recently become self-employed

• The last three to six months' bank statements

• An up-to-date CV (if you’re a contractor or freelancer, showing a list of current and previous clients)

• Personal I.D. - passport or driving license and proof of address (utility or council tax bill dated in the last three months)

Check your credit score

You can download your Credit Report at any time, and it's recommended that you do this before applying for a mortgage. This will give you time to review your report and credit score to make sure they’re in good order. 

Any information on your Credit Report that’s either outdated or inaccurate, potentially hindering your mortgage application, can be removed if you contact the Credit Reference Agency (CRA). 

If your credit record has been affected by any bad credit issues, you should take the time to improve your credit score before you apply for your mortgage. This can include simple steps such as ensuring you’re registered on the electoral roll* or cancelling any old credit accounts you no longer use. 

Save for a deposit

The more deposit you can save, the stronger applicant you’ll be to a larger number of mortgage lenders. A higher deposit will also give you access to the lowest interest rates. 

If you’re unable to save a large deposit - don’t panic! There will still be several mortgage lenders who will still consider you with just a 10% or possibly 5% deposit if all other aspects of your application are in good order. 

Speak to a mortgage broker

Using the services of a mortgage broker could save you a lot of time and, potentially, some money, too. Your broker will be able to identify lenders who tend to look more favourably on self-employed applicants and help you prepare all the necessary paperwork. 

An experienced advisor - like us! - who knows what mortgage lenders look for with self-employed cases could make all the difference between getting accepted or rejected. 

Can you get a self-employed mortgage with bad credit?

Yes, it’s possible. It all depends on the type of bad credit issue you’ve had, how much it has affected your credit score, when it occurred and the amount involved. Choosing the right mortgage lender will also be very important. 

Several mortgage lenders (all of which have strong working relationships with us) specialise in helping people with bad credit and assess applications case-by-case. You may have to pay a slightly higher interest rate and accept a lower loan-to-value (LTV). However, this may be worthwhile in the long run if you can secure the mortgage you need. 

Is remortgaging more difficult if you’re self-employed? 

No, not necessarily. If you’re remortgaging with a new lender to benefit from a lower interest rate deal, the application process will be similar to when you applied for your original mortgage, and you’ll need to provide proof of your income. 

If you’re simply moving to another deal with your existing lender, it’s unlikely they will carry out any further affordability assessments. 

Remortgaging to release equity to carry out home improvements or consolidate debts involves borrowing more money and will also mean you’ll need to provide proof of income, whether with your existing lender or a new one, to show evidence that you can afford the increased repayments.